Mood swings are a common experience for many people. However, when these shifts in mood become extreme and disrupt daily life, making it hard to do everyday tasks, it may be a sign of a more serious condition called bipolar disorder. Distinguishing between common mood swings and bipolar disorder is important for understanding the condition and providing the appropriate support.
Mood swings are defined as “a sudden or intense change in emotional state” (Leonard, 2020). They are a typical part of the human experience and can be effected by various factors such as stress, hormonal changes, lack of sleep, or relational conflicts. Mood swings may involve fairly quick shifts in mood, such as happiness to sadness, or irritability to calmness. These shifts are usually brief and do not drastically impact daily functioning or impair relationships with others.
On the other hand, bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition illustrated by clear episodes of more drastic mood swings that vary in intensity and duration. It involves extreme shifts between two opposites: manic episodes and depressive episodes. During manic episodes, people may experience elevated mood, boosts in energy, impulsivity, and grandiose thoughts, such as heightened self-esteem. In depressive episodes, people can feel overwhelming sadness, loss of interest in activities, increased fatigue, and feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness. These episodes can last for weeks or even months and significantly interfere with daily life, work, and relationships.
Several major factors help distinguish everyday mood swings from bipolar disorder. First, consider the duration and intensity of mood shifts. While mood swings are short-lived and relatively mild, bipolar disorder episodes are more severe and persistent. Second, look at how the mood swings impact one’s daily functioning. Mood swings usually do not affect one’s ability to carry out their responsibilities, while bipolar disorder can have a great impact on one’s personal and professional life. Finally, the frequency of mood shifts are important to consider. Bipolar disorder episodes occur in distinct cycles, while mood swings are not as predictable.
If you or someone you know experiences mood swings that resemble the symptoms of bipolar disorder, it is important to seek professional help, as a psychiatric evaluation may be necessary for a diagnosis. Some treatment recommendations for bipolar disorder may include medication, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), psychoeducation, and family therapy. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of bipolar disorder, and taking the steps to get help and support, can significantly improve the quality of life for those who have the condition. Understanding the key differences between mood swings and bipolar disorder can help individuals seek appropriate treatment and support they may need.
Written by Counseling Intern Téa Del Rio.
If you’re seeking a psychiatric assessment for bipolar disorder, personalized medication management, or counseling services, we’re here to help. Reach out to us today at 412-856-WELL or simply fill out the form below to take the first step towards your well-being. Our team is ready to support you on your journey.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).
Leonard, J. (2020). What causes mood swings in males and females. Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/mood-swings
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